
Free chlorine is the most effective form of chlorine present in water. It is released by dissolving chlorine-based disinfecting products. Its level should be maintained in the range of 0.3-0.6 mg / l. If the water temperature in the pool exceeds 28 ° C, keep the chlorine concentration in the range of 0.6-1.2 mg / l. At concentrations up to 3 mg / l, it is not irritating to the human body. Only when it reacts with organic impurities (sweat, urine) does another form of chlorine form - combined chlorine, which has an unpleasant odor and irritates the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Free chlorine concentration is measured using a high-quality tester (tablets or drops) using the DPD1 method.
The pH value of water expresses the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a chemical substance. The ideal value for pools is 6.8 - 8.2. A pH higher than 8.2 leads to the formation of various mineral cloudiness and the buildup of limescale and other deposits. A pH lower than 6.8 causes corrosion of metal surfaces. The pH value affects the solubility and effectiveness of the disinfecting products used.
Cyanuric acid is used as a UV stabilizer that protects chlorine from decomposition by ultraviolet radiation. The ideal value is 15–20 ppm (mg/l). If the water is overdosed with cyanuric acid, normal chlorine concentrations in the water become ineffective. Cyanuric acid can only be removed by draining the pool and refilling it with fresh water, i.e. by dilution.
High total alkalinity causes a long-term, spontaneous rise in pH and, at high pH, the precipitation of calcium carbonate (limescale) in the equipment as well as on the pool walls. Low total alkalinity causes inaccurate pH measurement results and an excessive reaction of the water to attempts to adjust pH. Total alkalinity is reduced either by long-term addition of a standard pH- product, or by a one-time addition of hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.
Calcium hardness is the hardness represented by dissolved calcium. The required value is between 150 ppm and 280 ppm. Low calcium hardness causes corrosive water.